![]() ![]() Named after Greek sculptor Phidias, phi was frequently used in Phidias’ contributions to the construction of the Parthenon in Athens. The limit of this ratio is perhaps one of the most famous numbers in all of mathematics, represented by the Greek letter phi. The larger the numbers, the closer one gets to this ratio. This pattern is not only found in biological nature, but in art, architecture, the stock market, and many other areas of society and culture.Īs one progresses further to the right of the Fibonacci sequence, it is found that the ratio of a term to the one before it gets closer and closer to what is known as the Golden Ratio (1.618). The appearances in nature seem endless, and this is all resounding evidence for the deep mathematical basis of the natural world. While there are various species of pinecones, most have two distinct spiral directions and the number of spirals in each direction is most often successive Fibonacci numbers. For example, the hexagonal bracts on a pineapple form three different directional spirals, all represented by consecutive Fibonacci numbers. This sequence recurs throughout nature – from the regeneration patterns of bees and rabbits, to the arrangement of spirals on sunflowers, tree stumps, pinecones, and pineapples. For example 0 + 1 = 1, so the next number is also 1. Made famous by Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, this very simple arrangement begins with 0 and 1, and each succeeding number is the sum of the two preceding them. Quite possibly the most intriguing and pervasive number pattern in all of mathematics is the Fibonacci sequence.
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